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This bacterium is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in infants, young children and adults in the United States. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).Several strains of bacteria can cause acute bacterial meningitis, most commonly: This may be caused by an ear or sinus infection, a skull fracture, or - rarely - some surgeries. But it can also occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges. Bacterial meningitisīacteria that enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain and spinal cord cause acute bacterial meningitis. Because bacterial infections can be life-threatening, identifying the cause is essential.

Viral infections are the most common cause of meningitis, followed by bacterial infections and, rarely, fungal and parasitic infections. The middle layer is the arachnoid, a weblike structure containing the fluid and blood vessels covering the surface of the brain. The tough outer membrane is called the dura mater, and the delicate inner layer is the pia mater. Meningitis is an infection and inflammation of the fluid and three membranes (meninges) protecting your brain and spinal cord. You may need to take medications to prevent getting the infection. It's also important to talk to your doctor if a family member or someone you live or work with has meningitis. Delayed treatment increases the risk of permanent brain damage or death. Seek immediate medical care if you or someone in your family has meningitis signs or symptoms, such as:īacterial meningitis is serious and can be fatal within days without prompt antibiotic treatment. Infants with meningitis may be difficult to comfort, and may even cry harder when held. A bulge in the soft spot on top of a baby's head (fontanel).Newborns and infants may show these signs: Skin rash (sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis).Severe headache that seems different from normal.Possible signs and symptoms in anyone older than the age of 2 include: Symptoms may develop over several hours or over a few days. Early meningitis symptoms may mimic the flu (influenza).